VICP Registry Case Source Bundle
Canonical URL: https://vicp-registry.org/case/USCOURTS-cofc-1_17-vv-00525
Package ID: USCOURTS-cofc-1_17-vv-00525
Petitioner: K.A.
Filed: 2017-04-30
Decided: 2018-04-03
Vaccine: hepatitis B
Vaccination date: 2014-09-16
Condition: urticaria
Outcome: dismissed
Award amount USD: 

AI-assisted case summary:
The petition was filed on April 30, 2017, by K.A.'s parent, alleging that K.A. developed chronic recurrent urticaria following a third dose of the hepatitis B vaccine administered on September 16, 2014. K.A. had previously received two doses of the hepatitis B vaccine on December 13, 2013, and February 11, 2014. On the afternoon of September 16, 2014, K.A.'s parents brought him to the pediatrician due to concerns about a rash. The pediatrician noted that the vaccine site on K.A.'s right thigh was clean, dry, and intact, with only mild redness on his right cheek, and observed no other rashes. Medical records documented intermittent rash concerns in the weeks following the vaccination. On September 30, 2014, K.A.'s mother reported that K.A. had a rash or red patch on his face and arm after naps for approximately three days after the vaccination, which resolved within 30 to 40 minutes. The vaccination site was also noted to be red and warm. The pediatrician explained that a local reaction was not an allergic reaction and that the reported rash did not appear to be allergic, especially given K.A.'s prior hepatitis B vaccinations. On October 10, 2014, K.A. presented with a rash and a fever up to 102 degrees; the physician questioned the etiology of the hives. Subsequent medical records from a new pediatrician, Dr. Raoul Del Mar, repeatedly noted the absence of a rash during visits for common illnesses such as colds, ear infections, gastroenteritis, viral infections, head contusions, and pharyngitis between December 2014 and August 2015. In February 2016, K.A. was seen for a possible strep throat with a temperature of 101.3 degrees, and Dr. Del Mar noted no rash. In June 2016, an urgent care visit recorded possible diffuse itchy hives as a new problem. In January 2017, a third pediatrician, Dr. Daniel E. McCrimons, noted a previous history of hives and swelling after vaccine administration, based on the petitioner's report. In April 2017, an allergist, Dr. Michael McCormick, diagnosed unspecified urticaria but stated he did not have experience treating children with urticaria after vaccinations. Dr. McCormick noted that K.A.'s last episode of hives was on June 25, 2016. The medical records did not indicate any treating physician supporting vaccine causation. Special Master Laura D. Millman granted the petitioner multiple extensions to file an expert report, totaling nearly six months from October 12, 2017. On April 3, 2018, during a status conference, petitioner's counsel stated that an expert report could not be obtained and that the petitioner authorized dismissal. Special Master Millman dismissed the petition on April 3, 2018, for failure to prove a prima facie case of causation-in-fact. She found that the medical records did not support a vaccine injury lasting more than six months, that no treating physician supported vaccine causation, and that the petitioner had not filed a supporting expert opinion. No Vaccine Act compensation was awarded.

Theory of causation field:
Petitioner alleged that K.A. developed chronic recurrent urticaria after receiving his third hepatitis B vaccine on September 16, 2014. The respondent filed a Rule 4(c) Report noting the last recorded episode of K.A.'s rash was on October 10, 2014, associated with an infectious illness. Special Master Laura D. Millman granted petitioner multiple extensions to file an expert report, but petitioner's counsel ultimately stated that an expert report could not be obtained and moved for dismissal. On April 3, 2018, Special Master Millman dismissed the petition for failure to prove a prima facie case of causation-in-fact, finding that the medical records did not support a vaccine injury lasting more than six months, no treating physician supported vaccine causation, and no supporting expert opinion was filed. The decision date was April 3, 2018. Attorneys involved were not named in the provided text.

Public staged source text:

================================================================================
DOCUMENT 1: USCOURTS-cofc-1_17-vv-00525-0
Date issued/filed: 2018-04-30
Pages: 9
Docket text: PUBLIC ORDER/RULING (Originally filed: 04/03/2018) regarding 26 DECISION of Special Master Signed by Special Master Laura D Millman. (tlf) Service on parties made.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 1 of 9

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 2 of 9
significantly high fevers occurring once or twice a month not associated with skin lesions, lasting
about 24 hours. Id. This assertion is not in the petition. This complaint is also not in the
medical records.
On September 27, 2017, respondent filed a Rule 4(c) Report in opposition to petitioner’s
allegations. Respondent notes that the last episode of K.A.’s noted in the medical records was on
October 10, 2014 associated with an infectious illness. Resp’t’s Rep., at 8.
On October 12, 2017, the undersigned issued an Order for petitioner to file an expert
report by January 31, 2018.
On January 29, 2018, petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time until March 2,
2018 within which to file an expert report, which the undersigned granted.
On February 27, 2018, petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time until March 16,
2018 within which to file an expert report, which the undersigned granted.
On March 15, 2018, petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time until March 30,
2018 within which to file an expert report, which the undersigned granted.
On March 30, 2018, petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time until April 6, 2018
within which to file an expert report, which the undersigned granted. However, before that
motion, petitioner contacted the undersigned’s law clerk to request a status conference.
On April 3, 2018, the undersigned held a telephonic status conference with counsel
during which petitioner’s counsel stated that he could not obtain an expert report to substantiate
petitioner’s allegations and petitioner had given him permission to move orally for dismissal.
The undersigned issued a non-PDF Order cancelling the April 6, 2018 deadline to file an expert
report and told counsel she would dismiss this case.
The undersigned DISMISSES this case for failure to prove a prima facie case of
causation in fact.
Medical Records
Records predating hepatitis B vaccination #3
On December 13, 2013, K.A. received his first hepatitis vaccination. Med. recs. Ex. 2, at
16.
On December 17, 2013, K.S. went to the pediatrician. Id. at 7. He had been throwing up
since the previous night. He was not keeping food down. He would burp and then throw up.
K.A.’s mother ate some ethnic food over the weekend. The pediatrician diagnosed him with
gastroesophageal reflux, gave K.A.’s mother reflux precautions, and told her to watch her diet
2

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 3 of 9
and avoid spicy foods. Id.
Two days later, on December 19, 2013, K.A. returned to the pediatrician. Id. K.A.’s left
eye had an increase in tearing and yellow mucus. The pediatrician diagnosed K.A. with
dacryocystitis2 and prescribed nasolacrimal massage. The pediatrician also did a core check. He
prescribed Vaseline to the diaper area.
On February 11, 2014, K.A. received his second hepatitis B vaccination. Med. recs. Ex.
2, at 16.
Records postdating hepatitis B vaccination #3
On September 16, 2014, in the morning, K.A. received his third hepatitis B vaccination.
Id.
On September 16, 2014, in the afternoon, K.A.’s pediatrician recorded that K.A.’s
parents came with K.A. for the pediatrician to look at a “rash” (the pediatrician put the word in
quotation marks) that developed. Id. at 6. The parents were concerned that K.A. was having a
reaction to his hepatitis B vaccination that morning. When the pediatrician examined K.A.’s
right thigh, which had received the vaccine, he noted it was clean, dry, and intact (the
pediatrician used the acronym “C/D/I”). K.A.’s right cheek was mildly red, but the pediatrician
did not note any other rashes. Id. The pediatrician told K.A.’s mother and father that a “shot
reaction was not really likely and that the child should be fine.” Id.
At 4:30 p.m. on September 17, 2014, petitioner phoned K.A.’s pediatrician and spoke to
Stefani. Id. Petitioner said that K.A.’s rash came and went. Petitioner wanted K.A. to have
allergy testing. The pediatrician wrote a prescription for her to pick up in the morning on
September 18, 2014. Id.
On September 30, 2014, K.A.’s mother called the pediatrician. Id. at 10. Since K.A.’s
allergy testing was negative, she was concerned that hepatitis B vaccine caused K.A.’s rash even
though he had two prior hepatitis B vaccinations without any rash. She said he had a rash/red
patch on his face and arm every time he woke from a nap for about three days after he received
the third hepatitis B vaccination. It would self-resolve and go away in about 30 to 40 minutes.
The site of the vaccination was also red and warm. The pediatrician explained to petitioner that a
local reaction was not an allergic reaction and that K.A.’s rash did not sound anything like a rash
due to allergy, especially after K.A. had received two prior doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
Petitioner had filed a vaccine reaction form online and wanted the lot number and expiration
date, which the pediatrician gave to her. The pediatrician also said that the rash had vanished
when he saw K.A. and that he did not have any reason to file a vaccine adverse reaction form
because he did not see K.A. have any rash. He also explained that K.A.’s allergy testing was
negative, but that they are not 100% accurate for demonstrating allergies in children who truly
2 Dacryocystitis is “inflammation of the lacrimal sac.” Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 469 (32nd ed. 2012)
[hereinafter Dorland’s]. “Lacrima” means “tears.” Id. at 996.
3

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 4 of 9
have hives and atopic dermatitis. Id.
On October 10, 2014, K.A. returned to the pediatrician with a rash and a fever up to 102
degrees the day before. Id. at 9. He threw up Tylenol and his mother gave him a lukewarm bath.
He broke out in a rash which looked like hives. He did not have any known medical allergies
(“NKMA”). K.A. had hepatitis B vaccination on September 16, 2014 and then had intermittent
hives for three days, which went away and came back. They were itchy. The doctor questioned
the etiology of the hives. Id.
On December 1, 2014, petitioner took K.A. to a new pediatrician, Dr. Raoul Del Mar.
Med. recs. Ex. 5, at 43. K.A. had cough and colds for seven days, but no fever, vomiting,
diarrhea, or other symptoms. Id. at 42. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A. did not have a rash. Dr. Del
Mar diagnosed K.A. with the common cold (acute nasopharyngitis). Id.
On December 16, 2014, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for a well-child check up. Id. at 40.
Petitioner had no concerns. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A. did not have a rash. K.A. received MMR
and varicella vaccines. Id. at 41.
On January 9, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar with a cough and cold for six days, but no
fever, vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms. Id. at 38. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A. did not have a
rash. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with the common cold (acute nasopharyngitis). Id.
On February 23, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar with an intermittent barking cough for two
weeks with occasional post-tussive cough, clear bilateral rhinorrhea, and low-grade fever four
days ago but none since then, but no vomiting, diarrhea, or other symptoms. Id. at 36. Dr. Del
Mar notes K.A. did not have a rash. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with the common cold (acute
nasopharyngitis). Id.
On March 17, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for his 15-month well-child check up. Id. at
33. Petitioner had no concerns. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A. did not have a rash. Id. K.A. received
DTaP, HiB, Prevnar 13, and hepatitis A vaccines. Id. at 34.
On June 23, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for his 18-month well-child check up. Id. at 31.
Petitioner had no concerns. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A.’s skin was normal. Id.
On August 13, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for a cough and cold for ten days with no
fever, vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms. He did not have any eye irritation. Dr. Del Mar
notes K.A. did not have a rash. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with the common cold (acute
nasopharyngitis). Id.
On August 28, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for fussiness the prior night. Id. at 27. He
had had a cough and colds for seven days, but no vomiting, diarrhea, or other symptoms. He did
have a fever. Dr. Del Mar notes K.A. did not have a rash. Id. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with
otitis media (ear infection). Id. at 28. He prescribed Amoxicillin. Id.
4

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 5 of 9
On September 9, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar for a follow up. Id. at 23. K.A. finished
his antibiotic for acute otitis media four days previously, and the prior night had vomiting and
diarrhea with decreased appetite but no fever. Dr. Del Mar notes that K.A. did not have a rash.
Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with viral gastroenteritis. Id. He prescribed hydration with
pedialyte. Id. at 24.
On October 26, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar with an upper respiratory infection. Id. at
16. He had cough and colds for one day, but no fever, vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms.
Dr. Del Mar notes that K.A. did not have a rash. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with an
unspecified viral infection. Id.
On November 4, 2015, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar because he had fallen and hit his head. Id.
at 14. Two hours previously, K.A. was standing on a Fisher Price musical table which was about
a foot off the ground. K.A. fell off and hit the back of his head on the door frame. He did not
lose consciousness. He did not vomit, jerk, or seize. K.A. had a 2 cm x 1 cm soft lump on the
back of his head which was slightly red. He ate and acted normally now. Dr. Del Mar diagnosed
K.A. with a contusion of his scalp. Id.
On February 11, 2016, K.A. saw Dr. Del Mar because of a possible strep throat. Id. at
11. K.A. had a temperature of 101.3 degrees. His sister had strep throat and K.A. was using her
toothbrush. Dr. Del Mar noted that K.A. did not have a rash. His throat and tonsils were
hyperemic (congested). Dr. Del Mar diagnosed K.A. with unspecified acute pharyngitis and
prescribed amoxicillin. Id.
On June 26, 2016, petitioner went to urgent care at Sutter Health and saw Dr. Rei J.
Young. Med. recs. Ex. 9, at 1. Petitioner stated K.A. had possible hives for two days and
complained of mouth pain for two days. The rash was “a new problem.” Id. The current
episode started the day before. The rash was diffuse and itchy. K.A. had been exposed to
nothing. K.A. did not have a history of allergies, asthma, or eczema. He did not have a
significant past medical history. Id. On physical examination, K.A. appeared well-developed
and well nourished. Id. at 2. His eyes were normal. Id.
On January 3, 2017, K.A. went to a third pediatrician, Dr. Daniel E. McCrimons, for a
one-week old cough, fever, nasal congestion and rhinitis. Med. recs. Ex. 6, at 8. Under allergies,
he notes previous history of hives and swelling after vaccine administration. Id. This notation
was based on petitioner’s history to him. On physical examination, K.A. did not have a cough.
Id. at 9. His extremities were normal. Dr. McCrimons diagnosed K.A. with a viral infection and
acute bronchitis. Id.
On February 23, 2017, K.A. returned to Dr. McCrimons for a well-child check up. Id. at
11. For allergies, Dr. McCrimons writes “allergic reaction post immunizations for six episodes.”
Id. at 12. This is the history petitioner gave him since these supposed six episodes did not occur
while Dr. McCrimons was K.A.’s pediatrician. Physical examination showed nothing was
5

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 6 of 9
abnormal. Id. at 13.
On April 10, 2017, petitioner and K.A. saw Dr. Michael J. McCormick, an allergist.
Med. recs. Ex. 8, at 4. Petitioner gave a history of K.A.’s starting to get hives and localized
swelling after getting a hepatitis B vaccination on September 16, 2014. She stated the hives had
been getting progressively worse. Sun exposure worsened them. The hives lasted about four
days to a week. The hives did not itch and could appear all over K.A.’s body. Petitioner said she
did not know what would trigger them. When K.A. had a fever, he would usually get hives.
Petitioner also said that K.A. had a reaction to Dtap vaccine he received on March 17, 2015
when his eyes swelled shut and he had hives two hours later. Petitioner said K.A. could eat any
food without trouble. Sometimes, K.A. would get hives with a cold and other times he would
not get hives, but they mostly occurred when he had an infection. Occasionally, when K.A. had
hives, he had no appetite and had diarrhea. Petitioner said K.A. also coughed when he ran
around even though he had no hives. A bee stung K.A. the prior summer but K.A. did not have
trouble or symptoms. Petitioner wrote a list for Dr. McCormick of K.A.’s fevers: 102.6 degrees
on November 12, 2016, 102 degrees on December 20, 2016, 104 degrees on January 4, 2017,
103 degrees on January 17, 2017, 102 degrees on February 25, 2017, and 102.4 degrees on April
4, 2017. Id. K.A.’s last episode of hives was on June 25, 2016. Id. at 5. K.A. did not complain
of joint pain. Petitioner wanted to know if K.A. has an autoimmune disease. Id. On physical
examination, Dr. McCormick found K.A. had abnormal tubinates3 bilaterally. Id. at 6. Dr.
McCormick’s diagnosis was unspecified urticaria. Id. at 7. He told petitioner, “I do not have
experience treating children with urticaria after vaccinations.” Id. Dr. McCormick did not
schedule K.A. for a return visit. Id.
On June 11, 2017, petitioner, her husband, and K.A. went to Sutter Health where K.A.
saw PA Roberta Allen with the complaint of periumbilical abdominal pain, probably due to
abdominal muscle strain. Id. at 3. K.A. had a new inflatable toy which K.A. was punching when
he picked it up and threw it. He complained of abdominal pain, gradually worsening. He said
“ow” when he stood up. This happened about one to two hours previously. In range of systems,
PA Allen notes “healthy toddler; no underlying health conditions.” Id. Under allergies, PA
Allen notes “no known allergies.” On physical examination, K.A.’s skin was warm, dry, with
good color and turgor. Id.
Additional Material
Following Dr. McCrimons’ records dated February 23, 2017 are pages of photographs
which petitioner has labelled. On page 15 are two photos of rashes petitioner has dated October
10, 2014. That is consistent with the pediatrician’s records.
On page 16 of Exhibit 6 are two photos of rashes dated February 2016, stating swelling
of face and right eye, fever, sweating, and no appetite. Dr. Del Mar was K.A.’s pediatrician in
February 2016. He notes in his February 11, 2016 record that K.A. had a possible strep throat
3 A turbinate is “any of the nasal conchae.” Dorland’s at 1991. A concha is a structure that “resembles a sea shell in
shape.” Id. at 400.
6

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 7 of 9
with a temperature of 101.3 degrees after using his sister’s toothbrush while she had strep throat.
Med. recs. Ex. 5, at 11. The undersigned fails to see how K.A.’s symptoms of congested throat
and tonsils are related to a hepatitis B vaccination he received 17 months before. Moreover, Dr.
Del Mar notes that K.A. did not have a rash.
On page 18 of Exhibit 6 are three photos of K.A., which petitioner writes were taken on
June 25, 2016, and describes as severe hives. K.A. visited Dr. Young on June 26, 2016 who
noted rash, that it was a new problem, and noted possible hives for two days.
On page 19 of Exhibit 6, petitioner lists one-day fevers occurring on November 12,
December 20, January 4, and January 17, without listing a year. K.A. frequently had colds. He
has an older sister who at one point had strep throat.
Petitioner says in her affidavit (Exhibit 1, at 1) that K.A.’s post-hepatitis B #3 vaccine
rash lasted for about one week. K.A.’s first pediatrician stated the rash was intermittent and
lasted three days, based on petitioner’s history to him.
Petitioner states in a supplemental affidavit (filed on August 7, 2017 without an exhibit
number) that she reported K.A.’s skin lesions and rashes to Dr. Del Mar during several visits but
he failed to record what she said in K.A.’s medical record. Pet. Supple. Affid. at ¶ 11. She
further states that Dr. Del Mar’s staff told her he would no longer see K.A. because he did not
want to give her a vaccination exemption for the state and did not want to deal with the required
reporting associated with that exemption. Id. at ¶ 12. Petitioner states she did not continue to
take K.A. to doctors each time his rashes recurred because his doctors told her on previous visits
that there was nothing more they could do for the rashes. “I felt it was hopeless to make
repeated, special visits for the rashes when I was explicitly told seeking medical care was futile.”
Id. at ¶ 15. Petitioner states that she has tried to obtain the services of a dermatologist or
immunologist for K.A.’s recurring rash, but after she told various doctors and medical staff the
purpose of her visit was for a recurring rash that a vaccination caused, “all of these specialists
have refused [to] take on K.A. as a patient or even schedule an initial appointment.” Id. at ¶ 16.
Petitioner said that she was currently considering moving from California to another state in
hope of finding doctors who will treat K.A. and his condition. Id. at ¶ 17.
DISCUSSION
To satisfy her burden of proving causation in fact, petitioner must prove by preponderant
evidence: “(1) a medical theory causally connecting the vaccination and the injury; (2) a logical
sequence of cause and effect showing that the vaccination was the reason for the injury; and (3) a
showing of a proximate temporal relationship between vaccination and injury.” Althen v. Sec’y
of HHS, 418 F.3d 1274, 1278 (Fed. Cir. 2005). In Althen, the Federal Circuit quoted its opinion
in Grant v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 956 F.2d 1144, 1148 (Fed. Cir. 1992):
A persuasive medical theory is demonstrated by “proof of a logical
sequence of cause of and effect showing that the vaccination was
7

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 8 of 9
the reason for the injury [,]” the logical sequence being supported
by a “reputable medical or scientific explanation[,]” i.e., “evidence
in the form of scientific studies or expert medical testimony[.]”
418 F.3d at 1278.
Without more, “evidence showing an absence of other causes does not meet petitioner’s
affirmative duty to show actual or legal causation.” Grant, 956 F.2d at 1149. Mere temporal
association is not sufficient to prove causation in fact. Id. at 1148.
Petitioner must show not only that but for hepatitis B vaccine, K.A. would not have
chronic recurrent urticarial (assuming he has that condition), but also that hepatitis B vaccine
was a substantial factor in causing his chronic recurrent urticarial (assuming he has that
condition). Shyface v. Sec’y of HHS, 165 F.3d 1344, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
The Vaccine Act, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-13(a)(1), prohibits the undersigned from ruling for
petitioner based solely on her allegations unsubstantiated by medical records or medical opinion.
The medical records do not support petitioner’s allegations.
The Federal Circuit in Capizzano v. Sec’y of HHS, 440 F.3d 1317, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2006),
emphasized that the special masters are to evaluate seriously the opinions of petitioner’s treating
doctors since “treating physicians are likely to be in the best position to determine whether a
logical sequence of cause and effect show[s] that the vaccination was the reason for the injury.”
See also Broekelschen v. Sec’y of HHS, 618 F.3d 1339, 1347 (Fed. Cir. 2010); Andreu v. Sec’y
of HHS, 569 F.3d 1367, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2009). None of K.A.’s treating physicians supports
petitioner’s allegation that K.A. had a vaccine injury lasting more than six months.
The Vaccine Act requires that if someone has a vaccine reaction, it must last more than
six months. 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-11(c)(1)(D)(i). Even if petitioner were to prove that the third
hepatitis B vaccination caused K.A.’s initial intermittent rashes and a rash one month later,
petitioner would still not prevail because of the absence of evidence that K.A.’s alleged vaccine
reaction lasted more than six months.
Petitioner has not filed a medical expert opinion in support of her allegations even though
the undersigned gave petitioner from October 12, 2017 until April 3, 2018 (almost six months) to
do so.
Petitioner orally moved for a ruling on the record during a telephonic status conference
on April 3, 2018.
The undersigned GRANTS petitioner’s motion and DISMISSES this petition.
CONCLUSION
8

Case 1:17-vv-00525-UNJ Document 29 Filed 04/30/18 Page 9 of 9
The petition is DISMISSED. In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to
RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment herewith.4
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: April 3, 2018 /s/ Laura D. Millman
Laura D. Millman
Special Master
4 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party, either separately or
jointly, filing a notice renouncing the right to seek review.
9